Asymmetric Lewis acid-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions

Highly tuned, one-point binding chiral iron and ruthenium complexes selectively coordinate and activate α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones toward asymmetric catalytic Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions. Here we focus on the application of these transition-metal Lewis acids to asymmetric catalytic 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between enals and cyclic and acyclic nitrones as well as aryl nitrile oxides to give isoxazolidines and isoxazolines, respectivel

Cost Benefit Analysis for OTI - Methodology and Results

Assessment methodology and result for shifting railway technology from the infrastructure onto the train

Can autonomous vehicles improve the quality of life? – A simulation study

Simulation of automated road transport: In a simulation study, the DLR Institute of Transportation Systems examined the effects of autonomous vehicles on indicators like travel time, land use and emission. The aim was to use simulations to demonstrate the potential of individual applications of ART. Several simulation scenarios with the tool SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) were carried out. The focus was on two key use cases. One focussed on self-driving vehicles that drop off travellers at their destination and then park themselves in public garages. The second use case was an automated on-demand shuttle service that combined the travel requests of different passengers. Simulation des automatisierten Straßenverkehrs: In einer Simulationsstudie untersuchte das DLR-Institut für Verkehrssystemtechnik die Auswirkungen von autonomen Fahrzeugen auf Indikatoren wie Reisezeit, Flächenverbrauch und Emissionen. Ziel war es, durch Simulationen das Potenzial einzelner Anwendungen des automatisierten und vernetzten Fahrens aufzuzeigen. Es wurden mehrere Simulationsszenarien mit dem Tool SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) durchgeführt. Der Fokus lag dabei auf zwei zentralen Anwendungsfällen. Im ersten Anwendungsfall wurden selbstfahrende Fahrzeuge untersucht, die Reisende am Zielort absetzen und sich dann selbstständig in öffentlichen Quartiersgaragen einparken (Quarter Valet Parking). Der zweite Anwendungsfall war ein automatisierter On-Demand-Shuttleservice, der die Reisewünsche verschiedener Fahrgäste kombiniert

Microscopic simulation of automated and connected vehicles in the Test Field Hamburg

What effect does the automation of road traffic have on traffic and the environment? To answer this question, a microscopic simulation (SUMO - Simulation of Urban Mobility) was used to model the test bed for automated and connected driving in Hamburg, which was then used as the basis for examining two scenarios. In the first scenario, the traffic was replaced by automated and connected vehicles. For the second scenario, the model infrastructure was upgraded to provide the GLOSA service to connected vehicles at selected intersections, which is intended to optimize the approach of vehicles to a traffic light. This paper presents how travel time, time loss, and average speed, as well as CO2 and PMx emissions change when traffic demand is replaced by automated and connected vehicles. In the second scenario, we examined how the waiting time and CO2 and PMx emissions change as a result of the GLOSA service

X2Rail-4 D7.2 - OTI Technology Migration

The aim of the work was to look at the introduction of On-board train integrity (OTI) from different perspectives. Different OTI product classes are considered in their areas of application as well as the various railway market segments, with particular attention being paid to the freight transport sector, as this is particularly complex in terms of optimised wagon equipment due to single wagon traffic. To accompany the development of the on-board train integrity solutions up to TRL7, an outlook on the technology migration of the OTI is given. The work aimed at is to identify optimised migration paths for the rollout of OTI technology. To achieve this, boundary conditions are analysed in terms of surrounding migration strategies in the control and signalling of railway transport as well as migration conditions for the different market segments. Based on the technology specifications from the X2Rail-2 and X2Rail-4 projects, representative scenarios have been defined to apply the migration strategy. An optimization methodology was developed and computationally modelled and then applied to a railway network with an operating program. Based on the results of the optimization model, an economic evaluation of the different OTI migration strategies was performed. Life cycle cost analysis has been done to compare monetary effects of the different migration paths as well as the effects for different stakeholder

Migrationsstrategie für eine fahrzeugseitige Zugvollständigkeitskontrolle / Roll-out strategy for on-board train integrity migration

DE: Im Rahmen des Shift2Rail (S2R)-Projekts X2Rail-4 wurden Migrationsstrategien für eine Markteinführung von On-Board-Train-Integrity (OTI)-Lösungen untersucht. Als Optimierungskriterium für die Migration wurden die potenziellen Einsparungen durch den Abbau von Infrastrukturelementen und deren Betriebskosten definiert, die durch OTI obsolet werden. Dazu wurde ein Optimierungsmodell entwickelt, um vor dem Hintergrund definierter Kriterien sinnvolle Migrationsschritte zu bestimmen. Darüber hinaus wurde eine wirtschaftliche Analyse durchgeführt, um die verschiedenen Migrationspfade zu bewerten. EN: Within the Shift2Rail (S2R) project X2Rail-4 the development of on-board train integrity (OTI) solutions have been accompanied with an outlook on migration strategies for the roll-out. The optimization criterion for the migration was defined as the potential savings from the dismantling of infrastructure elements and their operating costs that become obsolete as a result of OTI. An optimisation model was developed to determine the order of roll-out and an economic analysis was performed to assess the different migration paths

Ökonomische Auswirkungen der Eisenbahninnovationen von Shift2Rail - The economic impacts of the railway innovations developed in Shift2Rail

The Shift2Rail initiative specifies, develops and dem onstrates new technologies in order to increase capacity and punctuality and reduce the costs of the future railway system. Due to the complexity of the railway system, the combined impacts of these technologies can lead to stronger or reduced effects. An integrated methodology using Key Performance Indicators (KPI) has therefore been developed, implemented and validated in order to estimate their overall impact. The final version of the integrated KPI assessment has been presented as a Shift2Rail cross cutting activity under the IMPACT-2 project

Barriers for Sports and Exercise Participation and Corresponding Barrier Management in Cystic Fibrosis

Background Nowadays physical activity (PA)/exercise is an important component of cystic fibrosis (CF) therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the barriers to PA and the barrier management and to explore the effect of supervision on the barriers and barrier management during an exercise program. Methods In total, 88 people with CF (pwCF) of the ages 6 to 50 years old (mean 24.2 ± 7.9 yrs) participated in the partially supervised 12-month exercise program and filled in a structured and validated questionnaire about barriers to sports and barrier management at baseline. Results Physical barriers were more relevant than psychosocial barriers and no trend could be seen in the situational and preventive counter strategies. When divided in subgroups, the less active pwCF (7500 steps/day), physical barriers, and psychosocial barriers showed no significant differences. However physical barriers showed a tendency to have a higher value in the less active group compared to the more active group (p > 0.05). Stratified by age or FEV1%pred between the subgroups, no differences could be seen regarding barriers and counter strategies. Conclusions Physical barriers seemed to have a higher priority when it comes to not participating in PA/exercise. Supervision over 6 months during an exercise program did not show a beneficial effect on barriers and barrier management. Besides the motivational aspect of sport counselling, the volitional aspect seemed to be more important to incorporate more PA into daily life. Individual barriers and their concrete counter strategies should be discussed with the patient with CF. Sport counselling is needed permanently and should be part of the CF routine care